I replaced the amdmantle64.dll in windows/system32 with the one from 16.5.1 and it now works. Also works if I put the amdmantle64.dll from 16.5.1 inside my bf4 folder (Origin Games/Battlefield 4), it's called dll injection.
The first method is system wide, the second is for BF4 only. It could be that this amdmantle64.dll is used for the Vulkan API in the future, so replacing it system wide is not the best idea. So just copy an old (<16.5.2) amdmantle64.dll in your C:\Program Files (x86)\Origin Games\Battlefield 4 folder and you're fine.
If you got problems with recording with plays.tv, you have to use the system wide method.
Now I hope that I won't get banned by PB for that new dll in my BF4 folder.
Here you can get more info and the mantle dll files of all recent drivers:
http://forums.guru3d.com/showthread.php?t=399547