Edit:
Initial damage:
Damage sources have a base damage that can be increased by various stats. Stats are generally only applied once per calculation, however in some cases it is possible to benefit from stats twice (e.g. burning).
Flat damage
Local modifiers apply to base damage on the relevant source, for example most modifiers on weapons.
Added damage to attacks or spells from equipment and support gems.
Damage conversion
Converted to modifiers changes one type of damage into another, for example #% of Cold Damage Converted to Fire Damage.[1][2]
Added as modifiers adds a percentage of one damage type as another damage type, for example Gain #% of Physical Damage as Extra Cold Damage during effect or You and nearby allies add #% of your Physical Damage as Cold Damage.[1]
Global modifiers
All increased and reduced modifiers are additive.
All more and less modifiers are multiplicative.
Converted damage can take benefit of bonuses for the damage type it was before and what it converted into.
http://pathofexile.gamepedia.com/Receiving_damage
Wenn ich den Spell in ein Totem steck dann hab ich zwar die less Multis für Castspeed und Spelldamage vom Spell Totem druff aber increases für Totems funzen dann, gleiches mit Fallen und afaik geht es dann endlich wieder zu pseudo ''Shotgunnen'' (AOE von Multitraps überschneidet sich - Party xD).
Edit2: Irgendwie bin ich (gerade) Scheiße im erklären. Hrmpf!
Edit3:
(Game Mechanics) Modifier stacking
Main page: Modifiers#Modifier Stacking
In general, integer modifiers are applied before percentages. Percentage modifiers using the words "% increased" or "% reduced" stack additively with one another, while "% more" and "% less" modifiers stack multiplicatively...
http://pathofexile.gamepedia.com/Game_mechanics#Modifier_stacking
Also wenn du +100% increased DMG für Totems hast machen die +20% für den Gem auch nicht mehr viel aus, weniger als wenn (10% more) basedmg von 500 auf 550 steigt durchs lvl. Warte, es kommt das gleiche raus ^^. : 500 -> 120% incr = 500 x 2.2 = 1100 vs 550 x 2 (100% incr) = 1100.
Lies einfach, ich kriegs einfach nicht formuliert gerade, vlt. kann es auch wer besser erklären.